Power Substation
Protection scheme for the substation with a single supply from the utility
The utility supply voltage depends on both availability and consumer requirements. The consumer transformer is connected delta on the high-voltage side and grounded wye on the low-voltage side. A fused-disconnect switch provides three-phase switching and protection for the transformer, as… Read more
Jan 07, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Analysis of faults in machine and transformer windings
The analysis of faults in the synchronous machine and transformer windings presents a special difficulty because the effective impedances of the affected windings under internal fault conditions are not normally known. The methods of analysis are severely limited and are… Read more
Jan 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Well engineers, it’s about time… Happy New Year!
A short note from me today. I’d just like to wish you a very happy New Year on behalf of myself and everyone else at EEP. It’s been a long year with a lot of hard work done, and now…… Read more
Dec 31, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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Directional protection relays applied to multiple power sources, parallel circuits and loops
Directional protection is usually applied to distribution systems that contain multiple power sources, parallel circuits and rings/loops. For such systems it is absolutely necessary to have protection against fault currents that could circulate in both directions, avoiding disconnection of unnecessary…...
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Dec 27, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Testing and Commissioning
Transformer pre-commissioning tests and after-receipt checks you MUST perform
Once oil filling is completed, various pre‐commissioning checks and tests are performed to ensure the healthiness of the transformer (or reactor) prior to its energization. Various electrical tests must be performed and their significance and short description are given below…. Read more
Dec 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
15 bad situations that may lead to catastrophic explosion of a capacitor bank
Some of the failure problems associated with capacitor banks are already known since they happen often. A few of the failures are traceable to the original source and sometimes that may be difficult to do. In many instances, the final… Read more
Dec 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The Essentials Of Voltage Transformers (Advanced Theory and Practice)
The most common voltage sources for power system measurements and protections are either wound transformers (voltage transformers) or capacitive divider devices (capacitor voltage transformers or bushing potential devices). Some new applications of resistor dividers and magneto-optic technologies are also becoming… Read more
Dec 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essence of LV circuit breakers – Releases, tripping curves, characteristics and limitation
A circuit breaker is both a circuit-breaking device that can make, withstand and break currents whose intensity is at most equal to its rated current (In), and a protection device that can automatically break overcurrents which generally occur following faults… Read more
Dec 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for remote private substation with small generator
Connections of private substations to utilities are made more complicated with the addition of private-owned generation facilities. The choice of relays and their placement must be made to ensure adequate protection of both the generator and the interface. The protection… Read more
Dec 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Typical utility-consumer interconnection configurations
The utility-consumer interconnection provides the path for power flow between supplier (utility) and user (consumer). The interconnection may comprise one or more circuits and is assumed to include voltage transformation. For the purposes of this guide, the interconnection extends from… Read more
Dec 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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The logic behind switchgear interlocking systems in substations
Switchgear interlocking is installed to protect both the equipment and the operator from dangerous situations caused by incorrect equipment operation. It can be categorized as operational interlocking and safety, or maintenance, interlocking. However interlocking logic is not always easy to…...
Membership Upgrade Required
This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Dec 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
Protection Of The Power System Heart – The Generator
This technical article gives key points about the generator protection. To recover the generator from various kinds of faults, the generator protection scheme of the plant must be designed in such a way that groupings of protection are made respect to… Read more
Dec 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
The Essentials Of Current Transformers In Power Circuits (Theory and Practice)
If the voltage or current in a power circuit are too high to connect measuring instruments or relays directly, coupling is made through transformers. Such measuring transformers are required to produce a scaled down replica of the input quantity to… Read more
Dec 03, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Connection schematics of voltage transformers for protective applications
Voltage transformers would have primaries that are either connected directly to the power system (VTs) or across a section of a capacitor string connected between phase and ground (coupling capacitor voltage transformers – CCVTs). Typical units are illustrated in Figure… Read more
Nov 28, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
10 unbalance detection schemes for removing failed capacitor bank from the system
The main purpose of an unbalance detection scheme is to remove a capacitor bank from the system in the event of a failure and fuse operation. This will prevent damaging overvoltages across the remaining capacitor units in the group where… Read more
Nov 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
