Power Substation
MV/LV transformer protection against temperature rise, overloads, short-circuit & overvoltages
When selecting the type of transformer correctly electrical engineer needs to know its different electrical and thermal properties and the resistance to stresses due to faults or normal service of the transformer itself. This is crucial to know. The transformer… Read more
Sep 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Busbar protection schemes for distribution substations
Busbars play an important role in power transmission and distribution. They are employed as a central distribution point for all feeders. In the case of a fault, current on the busbar becomes high, resulting to mechanical destruction which would affect… Read more
Sep 24, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
How to know if you set the correct current on a motor thermal overload relay
The full-load current at a given voltage indicated on the nameplate is normative for setting the overload relay. Because of the variable voltages around the world, motors for pumps are made to be used at both 50 Hz and 60… Read more
Sep 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Monitoring
Secondary equipment you should always consider when retrofitting existing HV substation
This approach assumes retrofitting and upgrading old substation secondary equipment such as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), monitoring sensors, power apparatus, communication protocol and operating standards to improve the overall performance or reduce cost without disrupting the continuity of service. For… Read more
Sep 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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DC versus AC power transmission with reference to bulk-energy transfer
High voltage transmission systems has a dual purpose, i.e. system interconnection and bulk-energy transfer. With reference to system interconnection, the need to operate the whole system in perfect synchronism often prevents the transfer of power by alternating current. The reasons…...
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Sep 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Relay settings and applying high-impedance differential busbar protection scheme
Most of HV busbar faults involve single-phase and earth, but faults may arise from many different causes. The number of faults that stand out is between phases clear of earth. In fact, a large proportion of busbar faults result from… Read more
Sep 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Earth fault protection of an AC motor in four different earthing systems
One of the most common faults to occur on a motor is a stator winding fault. Whatever the initial form of the fault (phase phase, etc.) or the cause (cyclic overheating, etc.), the presence of the surrounding metallic frame and… Read more
Sep 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Applying CTs in protection schemes for transformers, generators, machines etc.
Various types of instrument transformers are currently in use on the basis of the varied applications of these devices. The construction aspects and sizing play an important role in the selection of proper types of both CTs and VTs. The… Read more
Sep 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The essentials of electrical distribution systems every engineer should know
Electrical distribution systems are an essential part of the electrical power system. In order to transfer electrical power from an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) source to the place where it will be used, some type of… Read more
Sep 03, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Single phase and three phase capacitive-load switching in transmission & distribution systems
The interruption of capacitive currents is a usual switching case, unlike the making and breaking of fault currents. The usual cases, in which a capacitive current is switched, are switching of unloaded overhead transmission lines, local substation components, cables, capacitor…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Aug 30, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The four most common switchgear-based substation types
The subject of this article is to discuss few most common types of MV/HV power substations based on the type of distribution switchgear, which can be seen in every distribution network. There are a number of methods of construction of… Read more
Aug 29, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The zone selective interlocking logic of protection relays
This function significantly reduces the tripping time of the circuit breakers closest to the source. It can be used for zone selective interlocking (ZSI) in closed ring networks. It applies to the phase overcurrent 50/51, directional phase overcurrent 67, ground fault… Read more
Aug 27, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protocols applied for time synchronization in a digital substation automation
Substation automation is a mission-critical task and electric power utilities must synchronize across large-scale distributed power grid switches in a substation to enable smooth power transfer and maintain power supply integrity. Precise time synchronization is therefore required to ensure that… Read more
Aug 22, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The study of harmonics and LV energy compensation
The harmonic currents are mainly down to the nonlinear loads in the installations. The most frequent harmonic sources are linked to the use of electric arcs (welding, arc furnaces, discharge lamps, etc.) and to magnetic machines. Power electronics (converters, variable… Read more
Aug 20, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Practical tips on how not to burnout an electric motor
There are many reasons why an electric motor could start heating up. For example, when another starting duty is used then the informed one on the motor nameplate may result in motor overheating and consequent motor damage. Due to high… Read more
Aug 15, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
