The art of determining the right cross-section of low voltage conductors
To be clear at the beginning of this article, determining the cross-section of conductors and cables is, for sure, not the most exciting part of electrical design. There are much… Read more
Mar 16, 2020 | Cables
Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Interlocking between MV cubicles
There are numerous variations of MV switchgear topology, measurement, and control logic. However, there are also some basic rules related to these aspects which may be frequently seen in practice,…...
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Best relay protection practices applied to shunt reactors, capacitors, SVCs and STATCOMs
This technical article explains the protection practices applied to shunt reactors and capacitors as well as to static var compensators (SVCs) and static compensators (STATCOMs). Dry-type and oil-immersed reactors usually… Read more
Mar 11, 2020 | Protection
What are the primary substation feeders? How to analyze their arrangements?
A feeder carries energy to a substation or bus or to several loads. The several substation feeder arrangements are discussed in this technical article. Feeder may connect two substation buses… Read more
Mar 09, 2020 | Power Substation
An overview of transformer connections and diagrams in the electric power system
Power transformers are used extensively by traditional electric utility companies, power plants, and industrial plants. This technical article summarizes the basic types, connections, and diagrams of transformers needed for analyzing…...
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Five actions to achieve excellent energy savings in old electrical installations
Not all existing electrical installations lack energy efficiency, but most of them do. Especially if they were built 15-20 years ago and older. Although it is generally acknowledged that substantial… Read more
Mar 04, 2020 | Energy and Power
Primary substations and bus layouts in the distribution system of an industrial plant
The primary distribution system of an industrial plant is generally the higher voltage portion of the system, starting with the purchased-power service and including generators, switching equipment, circuits, and all… Read more
Mar 02, 2020 | Power Substation
When can we say that earthing arrangement is safe for people (confusions in practice)
This article will analyse some of the most important safety issues related to design and use of LV electrical installations. Besides explanation of relevant terms in this field defined by…...
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Design tips for medium voltage systems and switchgears in power substations
Medium voltage networks are networks with rated voltages of over 1 kV and up to 36 kV. Medium voltage switchgear is used in transformer substations and switching substations, and in… Read more
Feb 26, 2020 | Medium Voltage
The art of designing the auxiliary system of a power plant
Power plant auxiliary system is usually pretty complicated and consists of dozen of motors, transformers, capacitor banks, variable frequency drives, PLCs, and other electrical devices. Therefore, protection relaying cannot be… Read more
Feb 24, 2020 | Electric Motor
Controlling power system parameters through reactive power (VAr) compensation
To be honest, transmission and distribution networks are full of problems. But that’s nothing new, and you already knew that. This technical article will shed some light on solving some… Read more
Feb 17, 2020 | Energy and Power
Design and control considerations for an example of the waste water pumping station
Waste water pumping stations are very common application examples of three phase induction motor. There are numerous varieties of power supply and control logic, depending on exact conditions in the…...
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Inevitable in almost all electrical switchboards – Residual current device (RCD)
Technology that RCD uses is so simple and so magical. The residual current device continually measures the difference between the value of the outgoing and incoming currents in the circuit… Read more
Feb 12, 2020 | Energy and Power
The art of transformer maintenance, inspection and repair (recommended practices)
The primary purpose of transformer maintenance is to ensure the internal and external parts of the transformer and accessories are kept in good condition and “fit for purpose” and able… Read more
Feb 10, 2020 | Maintenance
Lessons I learned during installation and wiring of LV switchboard
Let’s start with some basic definitions from the United States National Electrical Code (NEC). An LV switchboard is generally defined as a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels…...
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