8 common mistakes in reading and creating single line and wiring diagrams

In order to create consistent and technically correct single line or wiring diagram, more than basic knowledge about engineering field in question is required. Besides electrical installation and equipment, design engineer should be...

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May 30, 2019 | Electrical Lectures ♛

Integration of IEC 61850 in power plant automation, control, and protection systems

IEC 61850 is much more than a protocol. The general scope of the standard is designed to support the communication of all functions being performed in a substation. Its main… Read more

May 29, 2019 | Power Substation

Solving the architectural and reliability puzzle of a protection and control system

This technical article discusses some of the basics of protection and control as successfully used for decades. Majority of these general requirements will have to be retained by new communication-based… Read more

May 27, 2019 | Power Substation

The theory behind reactive energy compensation that every engineer should know

Reactive energy compensation is an essential process in improving energy efficiency. It reduces the power consumption and thus its cost, enables optimum use of installations by preventing them being oversized,… Read more

May 22, 2019 | Electrical Lectures

6 tools you MUST learn before programming numerical protection relays for real

Developing basic setting specifications for numerical relays is a boring process for most electrical engineers, but not for the protection engineers! It requires significant input data but, for the most… Read more

May 20, 2019 | Protection

The case of phase-to-phase fault in a 13.8 kV switchgear caused by heavy rain

In this case study we describe a 13.8 kV switchgear phase-to-phase fault due to by heavy rain evolving into a three-phase fault that was cleared by transformer numerical relays. The…...

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This content is available for Premium members only. Premium membership gives you an access to specialized technical articles and other extra premium content (electrical guides and software). Apply 20% discount code: EEP08PR (Expires on August 30th 2019) Login ♛Register ♛

May 17, 2019 | Premium Content ♛

The essentials of radial distribution system and its subtransmission circuits

Electric distribution system is all of that part of an electric power system between the bulk power source or sources and the consumers’ service switches. The bulk power sources are… Read more

May 15, 2019 | Power Substation

The basic protection schemes for 4 typical transformer types in power system

The degree of transformer protection provided depends to a great extent upon the size and functional importance of the unit. A further important factor is the economic aspect. The cost… Read more

May 13, 2019 | Protection

3 most important routine tests for successful verification of a low voltage switchgear

Individual tests or routine verifications are intended to check the essential safety aspects of LV assemblies that could be affected by hazards during mounting or possible manufacturing faults. In principle,… Read more

May 08, 2019 | Low Voltage

Theorems and network reductions that every electrical engineer MUST know

Most practical power system problems are solved by using steady state analytical methods. These methods make the assumption that circuit parameters are linear, bilateral, and constant for constant frequency circuit… Read more

May 06, 2019 | Electrical Lectures