My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial generators
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability to: accurately…...
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Aug 03, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner

Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard

How system earthing keeps you and the network safe
The term “earthing” consists of several functions which only have “utilizing the earth” in common. Before describing the system earthing, it can be of interest to know a bit about… Read more
Jul 22, 2020 | By Edvard

A case study of fault level calculations for a MV/LV network using direct method
This technical article represents the case study of fault level calculations for an MV/LV network using the direct method. There are many advantages of the direct approach, and the main…...
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Jul 19, 2020 | By Sivakumar K

Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard

Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation
Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding… Read more
Jul 08, 2020 | By Edvard

How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space
Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to… Read more
Jul 06, 2020 | By Edvard

My experience and guidance in the design and electrification of a modern airport
The electrical systems for airports require proper quality installations and consideration for features usually not involved in other electrical installations. In this article, we will be discussing the general elements…...
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Jun 29, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane

Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard

Primary rated values for medium voltage switchgear often mixed by engineers
It’s not unusual to see that engineers mix terms of primary ratings. If they are not understood well, yes, it’s possible to mix some of them. But it’s essential to… Read more
Jun 22, 2020 | By Edvard

Electrical insulation testing – Often underestimated until things go really bad
Due to mechanical damage, vibrations, (excessive) heat/cold, moisture/humidity, chemical influences and interactions and aging pinholes, cracks causes moisture and foreign matter to penetrate the surface of the insulation. They create… Read more
Jun 17, 2020 | By Edvard

A real-life case study of relay coordination (step by step tutorial with analysis)
I would say that coordination is a TEAMWORK. In the protection context, it implies how the various protection devices in an electrical distribution network, work as a team, to achieve…...
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Jun 15, 2020 | By Sivakumar K

Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure
Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay… Read more
Jun 06, 2020 | By Edvard

The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG
Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate… Read more
Jun 03, 2020 | By Edvard

My worst experience in the maintenance and supervision of medium voltage substations
While there are various voltage levels applicable across the globe depending upon the usability, the category of Medium Voltage remains one of the most critical voltage group comprising primary distribution…...
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Jun 01, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
