Protection
Differential Protection Of Feeders For Transformers And Tee-Offs (Tapped Lines)
On transformer feeders, the transformer and line or cable are connected in series and form a unit. In this manner, one CB can be saved. On feeders with tee-offs, transformers along the feeder are directly connected. In this case, a… Read more
Nov 20, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How To Control Reactive Power In Larger Electrical Plants With Multiple Incomers
Most compensation banks are controlled stepwise. For this purpose it is essential to ‘know’ when it is allowed to (de)activate a capacitor step by the power factor relay (controller). The so-called C/k value is calculated by the step size C… Read more
Nov 15, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Overhead vs. Underground Residential Distribution Circuits. Which One Is ‘Better’?
This debate continues. Both designs have advantages (see Table 1). The major advantage of overhead circuits is cost. An underground circuit typically costs anywhere from 1 to 2.5 times the equivalent overhead circuit (see Table 2). But the cost differences… Read more
Nov 13, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
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We can load distribution transformer heavily when it is cold, but when it’s hot…
Distribution transformers (commonly mineral-oil-immersed type) are output rated and their loading and sizing guidelines of many utilities are based on ANSI/IEEE C57.91. Distribution transformers can deliver their rated kVA without exceeding temperature rise limits when the following conditions apply: The…...
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Nov 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Practical Basics Of Synchronous Motors That Every Electrical Engineer Should Know
Like the asynchronous motor, the synchronous motor consists of a stator and a rotor separated by the air gap. It differs from the asynchronous motor in that the flux in the air gap is not due to a component of… Read more
Nov 08, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
Troubleshooting Transformer In Power Substation And Detailed Failure Investigation
Failure of transformer in power substation is not a sudden phenomenon, for that matter each and every failure will take place only after alerting through some pre-signs. If they went unnoticed or unattended will result in failure. Therefore it is… Read more
Nov 06, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How To Calculate and Draw a Single Line Diagram For The Power System
This technical article explains how to calculate and draw a single line diagram of the three-phase, 60-Hz system power system with generators, motors, transformers and lines. The following components comprise a simplified version of a power system, listed in sequential… Read more
Nov 01, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Commissioning Numerical Protection and Procedure For Carrying Out Performance Tests
Numerical protection is based on a number of microprocessors that can be programmed to reproduce virtually any type of protection and relay. It represents important advantages in reliability, space and economics compared to conventional protection arrangements. The method of calculating… Read more
Oct 30, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
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3 Applications Of Capacitor Banks Used To Correct The Load Power Factor
Capacitors are used in industrial premises for two basic functions: the first, to correct the load power factor, usually to meet the supplying authority’s supply requirements and avoid tariff penalties if the required power factor is not met, and the…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Oct 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
How bad harmonics influence the work of motors and generators, transformers, capacitors etc.
The distortion in the waveform in the load current of any nonlinear device causes similar changes in the voltage waveform relative to the harmonic impedance of the source network. This voltage distortion affects both the current and voltage for all… Read more
Oct 25, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Troubleshooting three basic hardwired control circuits used in starting electric motor
Generally speaking, basic control circuits are used in starting, stopping, sequencing, and safety automatic interlocking of equipment and machines. The control circuit consists of relays, relay contacts, contactors, timers, counters, etc. Control circuits can also be configured or programed in… Read more
Oct 23, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
Precautions for start and stop control of AC drives and problems that might arise
The protection of the mains supply side of the converter requires a short-circuit protection. This can be, either in the form of a set of adequately rated fuses, usually as part of a switch-fuse unit, or a main circuit breaker…. Read more
Oct 18, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Differential protection of transformers, machines, busbars, lines and feeders
Differential protection is very useful method of protection that can be applied to the protection of any network component, such as transformers, machines, busbars, lines and feeders. The differential relay compares the incoming phase currents of an object to the… Read more
Oct 16, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Improvement of Power Quality via Dynamic Reactive Power Compensation Systems
In many cases, industrial plants are characterized in particular by the use of highly dynamic drive technology. In addition to the undeniable advantages of these modern technologies, there is the disadvantage that the electrical networks are strained because of frequent… Read more
Oct 11, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The Structure of Electric Power Systems: Energy Generation, Distribution and Transmission
From a general perspective, an electric power system is usually understood as a very large network that links power plants (large or small) to loads, by means of an electric grid that may span a whole continent, such as Europe… Read more
Oct 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
