Power Substation
AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)
Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device heaters, outdoor lighting and receptacles, motor-operated disconnecting switches and control house…. Read more
Feb 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Earth Fault Protection On Insulated Networks and Petersen Coil Earthed Networks
There are situations when power system is run completely insulated from earth. The advantage of this is that a single phase-earth fault on the system does not cause any earth fault current to flow, and so the whole system remains… Read more
Feb 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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Five telecommunication systems embedded in smart grid applications and services
Power utilities use telecommunication systems either as a support for grid assets’ operation or as the enabler for voice communications among operating staff. The main objective of utility telecommunications is to connect remote premises and staff with central premises and…...
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Feb 09, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The Essentials Of Numerical Relays, Their Features And Important Considerations
The distinction between digital and numerical relays is particular to Protection. Numerical relays are natural developments of digital relays due to advances in technology. They use one or more digital signal processors (DSP) optimised for real time signal processing, running… Read more
Feb 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Four Special Differential Protections And Their Respective CT Requirements
Although the manufacturers of relays dedicated to differential protection impose the necessary CT secondary characteristics required for proper operation, it is useful, for understanding and avoiding errors, to possess minimum knowledge of this type of protection. A differential protection monitors… Read more
Feb 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Substation splitting and CB autoclosing for limitation of short-circuit currents
In this article, we describe method and technique of substation splitting and use of circuit breaker autoclosing that may be used for the control and limitation of the magnitude of short-circuit currents in both power system operational and design timescales…....
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Feb 02, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
5 Main Harmonics Generators And Their Detrimental Effects On Industrial Applications
In industrial applications, the main types of equipment that generate harmonics are: static converters, arc furnaces, lighting, saturated reactors and other equipment, such as rotating machines which generate slot harmonics (often negligible). Let’s have a word about each of listed… Read more
Jan 31, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Protecting Motor From External Network Disturbances (Unbalance, V/Hz-ratio and Re-Energizing)
Unbalance in the supply voltage is typically due to a broken phase condition somewhere in the upstream network. This may result from single-phase fuse failure or pole discrepancy of a circuit breaker or a disconnector. In addition, unequal loading of… Read more
Jan 29, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to control and protect capacitor banks before something goes wrong
The purpose of a capacitor bank’s protective control is to remove the bank from service before any units or any of the elements that make up a capacitor unit are exposed to more than 110% of their voltage rating. When… Read more
Jan 24, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Circuit configurations (single line diagrams) for HV and MV switchgear installations
The starting point for planning a switchgear installation is its single line diagram. This indicates the extent of the installation, such as the number of busbars and branches, and also their associated apparatus. The most common circuit configurations of high… Read more
Jan 22, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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Neutral Point Treatment in Three-Phase Networks (Detailed Overview and Comparison)
The main faults in power networks are the single-phase short-circuit and the short-circuit to ground. The short-circuit to ground is a conductive connection between a point in the network belonging to the operational circuit and ground. Between 80% and 90%…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jan 18, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Calculation of shaded-pole motor losses and efficiency at full load in 6 steps
First, let’s say few words about shaded-pole motors, and then dive into calculation procedure. A shaded pole motor is the simplest form of a single phase motor and is very low in cost. It develops a rotating field by delaying… Read more
Jan 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What are Triplen Harmonics and where do they happen?
In order to understand network problems with triplen harmonics, first let’s have a short explanation of harmonic phase sequence and third harmonics. Power engineers have traditionally used symmetrical components to help describe 3-phase system behavior. The 3-phase system is transformed… Read more
Jan 15, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Recommended and commonly applied protection for transformers
The protection that is recommended and commonly applied for transformers is summarized in the following figures. It should be noted and recognized that these are general recommendations, not strict. More or less protection may be applied for any specific situation… Read more
Jan 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
What is what in outdoor HV substation? How to identify elements by shape and function?
It’s not always an easy task to explain what is what in high voltage substations. Shapes of the major elements are mostly similar through substations, but there are also combinations of two and more elements with integrated functions. This technical… Read more
Jan 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
