Electrical Lectures
6 transformer operating limitations that make it far from ideal
There are few operating limitations that make transformer far from ideal. Generally, some of transformer operating limitations can be minimized, but not in total, never in total. Let’s talk about these limitations. Transformer losses (Heat) Copper (or winding) losses Iron… Read more
Sep 28, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
7 typical layout designs of 11kV indoor distribution substation
The following layout designs of indoor distribution substation are typical only and should not be used as construction drawings as they are presented as an example. Some designs achieve minimum EMF emission by installing the low voltage cables and switchboard… Read more
Sep 26, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
PLC start up and checking procedures before applying the power
Prior to applying power to the system there are five important PLC start up and checking procedures to perform. User should make several final inspections of the hardware components and interconnections. PLC start up and checking procedures before applying the… Read more
Sep 23, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
8 steps to follow in power substation design and engineering
Building a new substation or retrofitting the old one is a complex process full of design and engineering tasks to be worked on. The main steps in substation design and engineering are as follows: Selection of a substation switching system:… Read more
Sep 21, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Three-phase transformer connections and vector groups for beginners
In theory a three-phase transformer works like three separate single-phase transformers with shared limbs in which the magnetic circuit for the outer limbs is longer than for the centre limb. The voltage transformation is determined by the ratio between the… Read more
Sep 19, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Quality
How to locate harmonic currents and where to control them?
On radial utility distribution feeders and industrial plant power systems, the main tendency is for the harmonic currents to flow from the harmonic-producing load to the power system source. This is illustrated in Figure 1. The impedance of the power… Read more
Sep 16, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
What is grounding and why do we ground the system and equipment?
The term grounding is commonly used in the electrical industry to mean both “equipment grounding” and “system grounding”. Equipment grounding means the connection of earth ground to non-current carrying conductive materials such as conduit, cable trays, junction boxes, enclosures, and motor… Read more
Sep 14, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Power flow in MV radial network and calculation of voltage drop and loss
In three phase system the load for each phase should be the same. We call symmetrical load when the load of each phase is equal. In symmetrical circuit each phase has same configuration, so in drawing we can represent only… Read more
Sep 12, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
What a ground fault circuit interrupter does and what it does not do
A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) monitors the current balance between the ungrounded “hot” conductor and the grounded conductor. As soon as the current flowing through the “hot” conductor is in the range of 4 to 6 milli-amperes more than the… Read more
Sep 09, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
When does exciting current inrush occur in power transformer?
When a transformer is initially energized, there is a phenomenon known as exciting current inrush. Although inrush currents are not generally as damaging as fault currents, the duration of exciting current inrush is on the order of seconds (as compared… Read more
Sep 07, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
4 essential implementations of protective relays in power systems
In this technical article, protective relays are categorized depending on the component which are protect: Generators Transmission lines Transformers, and Loads There are different protection schemes used for protecting generators depending on type of fault to which they are subjected…. Read more
Sep 05, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Answer 20 questions correctly and prove you are good electrician
It’s not easy to be a good electrician, that’s for sure. Things you studied hard (or still studying) are gradually being forgotten, especially electrical formulas. Well, these 20 questions tend to wake up your memory and test your electrical knowledge… Read more
Sep 02, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Direct and indirect measurements using CTs and VTs
In order to measure electrical quantities, the measuring instruments must be connected to the lines safely, with maximum simplicity and convenience. Generally, the fundamental parameters to be detected are voltage and current, which respectively require a parallel connection and a… Read more
Aug 31, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Breaking of a short circuit current in a direct current system
Direct current presents different problems than alternating current with aregard to the phenomena associated to the breaking of a short circuit current and interruption of other types of high value current since the arc extinction results to be particularly difficult…. Read more
Aug 29, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
What details a motor nameplate shows and how to use them
We have all seen the motor nameplate attached on the motor side (or on top). All motors have a permanent nameplate which lists all important data, further data is usually available in the motor catalogue. It is important to recognize… Read more
Aug 26, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
