Electric Motor
Practical tips for installation and using of thermistor motor protection
Thermistor is a small non-linear resistance sensors, which can be embedded within the insulation of a motor winding, to provide a close thermal association with the winding. It’s made from a metal oxide or semiconductor material. The relationship between resistance… Read more
Oct 14, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Paralleling and ferroresonance as special problems with transformers
Occasionally, crews must install distribution transformers, either at a changeover or for extra capacity. If a larger bank is being installed to replace an existing unit, paralleling transformers during the changeover eliminates the customer interruption. In order to parallel transformer… Read more
Oct 12, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Guidelines for good consumer unit design and low electric fields in the house
The consumer unit is the “fuse box” which goes between the electricity meter and all the electrical circuits in the house. Modern units do not contain fuses, but miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) which have replaced them. They often also contain… Read more
Oct 10, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Best practice for using surge protective devices (SPDs) and RCD together
Where the power distribution system incorporates RCDs transient activity could cause RCDs to operate and hence loss of supply. Surge protective devices (SPDs) should wherever possible be installed upstream of RCD to prevent unwanted tripping caused by transient overvoltages. Where… Read more
Oct 07, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
4 steps to diagnose a potential harmonics related problem
If a plant engineer suspects that he might have a harmonics related problem, the following steps can easily be performed as an initial investigation into potential problems: Look for symptoms of harmonics as listed in Table 1 below. If one… Read more
Oct 05, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Problems with audible substation noise and what you can do about it
Audible substation noise, particularly continuously radiated discrete tones (e.g., from power transformers), is the type of noise that the community may find unacceptable. Community guidelines to ensure that acceptable substation noise levels are maintained can take the form of governmental… Read more
Oct 03, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Advice how to calculate the power loss inside the low voltage switchboard
In order to give the necessary indications on the methods intended to calculate power loss and improve the current carrying capacity of the circuit breakers inside LV switchboard, first of all it is necessary to analyze an assembly from a… Read more
Sep 30, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
6 transformer operating limitations that make it far from ideal
There are few operating limitations that make transformer far from ideal. Generally, some of transformer operating limitations can be minimized, but not in total, never in total. Let’s talk about these limitations. Transformer losses (Heat) Copper (or winding) losses Iron… Read more
Sep 28, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
7 typical layout designs of 11kV indoor distribution substation
The following layout designs of indoor distribution substation are typical only and should not be used as construction drawings as they are presented as an example. Some designs achieve minimum EMF emission by installing the low voltage cables and switchboard… Read more
Sep 26, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
PLC start up and checking procedures before applying the power
Prior to applying power to the system there are five important PLC start up and checking procedures to perform. User should make several final inspections of the hardware components and interconnections. PLC start up and checking procedures before applying the… Read more
Sep 23, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
8 steps to follow in power substation design and engineering
Building a new substation or retrofitting the old one is a complex process full of design and engineering tasks to be worked on. The main steps in substation design and engineering are as follows: Selection of a substation switching system:… Read more
Sep 21, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Three-phase transformer connections and vector groups for beginners
In theory a three-phase transformer works like three separate single-phase transformers with shared limbs in which the magnetic circuit for the outer limbs is longer than for the centre limb. The voltage transformation is determined by the ratio between the… Read more
Sep 19, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Quality
How to locate harmonic currents and where to control them?
On radial utility distribution feeders and industrial plant power systems, the main tendency is for the harmonic currents to flow from the harmonic-producing load to the power system source. This is illustrated in Figure 1. The impedance of the power… Read more
Sep 16, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
What is grounding and why do we ground the system and equipment?
The term grounding is commonly used in the electrical industry to mean both “equipment grounding” and “system grounding”. Equipment grounding means the connection of earth ground to non-current carrying conductive materials such as conduit, cable trays, junction boxes, enclosures, and motor… Read more
Sep 14, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Power flow in MV radial network and calculation of voltage drop and loss
In three phase system the load for each phase should be the same. We call symmetrical load when the load of each phase is equal. In symmetrical circuit each phase has same configuration, so in drawing we can represent only… Read more
Sep 12, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
