Network distribution transformers serving grid and spot networks
Network transformers, the distribution transformers that serve grid and spot networks, are large three-phase units. Network units are normally vault-types or subway types, which are defined as (ANSI C57.12.40-1982): Vault-type… Read more
Apr 08, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Important primary distribution (radial and loop) system considerations
The primary distribution system is that part of the electric distribution system between the distribution substation and distribution transformers. It is made up of circuits called primary feeders or distribution… Read more
Apr 06, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
3 Lighting Essentials You Can’t Deny
Lighting systems in industrial facilities can represent an attractive savings opportunity, especially if lighting systems have not been upgraded or maintained in the past five years. The most cost-effective approach for lighting… Read more
Apr 03, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Good voltage regulation and justified power factor correction
Power factor correction and voltage regulation are closely related. In many cases, the desired voltage regulation is costly to obtain. Larger or paralleled conductors to reduce voltage drop under load… Read more
Apr 01, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
General guidelines for online partial discharge testing of power cables
Online PD testing is becoming the topic of interest for power cable owners to ensure the safe and continuous operation of power cables. Partial discharge is a localised discharge in… Read more
Mar 30, 2015 | By Ammar Anwar KHAN
Six energy efficiency improvement opportunities in fan systems
Efficiencies of fan systems vary considerably across impeller types. The average energy saving potential in these systems in the U.S. manufacturing industry is estimated at 6%. For optimal savings and… Read more
Mar 27, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance of transformer load tap changers (LTC)
LTC maintenance is the basis for the regulating transformer’s high level of reliability. The background for maintenance recommendations is as follows: Oil: For LTCs where oil is used for arc-quenching,… Read more
Mar 25, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Many engineers advocate the use of multiple-transfer switches
Automatic transfer switches are primarily used for emergency and standby power generation systems. These transfer switches may incorporate overcurrent protection and are designed and applied in accordance with the NEC,… Read more
Mar 23, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 Low Voltage Switchboard Partitioning Forms Defined By IEC 61439-2
There are 4 main reasons for partitioning a switchboard. To protect persons against direct contact with dangerous parts. The minimum degree of protection must be IPXXB. To protect the switchboard against the penetration… Read more
Mar 20, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Eleven major causes of power system failures
To gain a broader understanding of power system reliability, it is necessary to understand the root causes of system faults and system failures. A description of major failure modes is… Read more
Mar 18, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
6 Transformer Types You Can See In Commercial Installations
Transformers in commercial installations are normally used to change a voltage level from a utility distribution voltage to a voltage that is usable within the building, and are also used… Read more
Mar 16, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Comparison of motor speed control methods
It is often desirable to control the motor speed, usually for reasons process control for such variables as flow or pressure. Such applications as fans and pumps often have varying… Read more
Mar 13, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Should We Blame Supplier For Voltage Dips and Transients?
Voltage dips and transients are usually blamed on the supplier, but this is often unfair. There are many potential on-site causes; for example, starting of heavy loads may cause voltage… Read more
Mar 11, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why it’s important to know which type of power factor correction to use
It’s important to understand where the capacitors are to be installed for a better exploitation of such advantages. There are no general rules applicable to every type of installation and, in… Read more
Mar 09, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
9 Recommended Practices for Grounding
Grounding and bonding are the basis upon which safety and power quality are built. The grounding system provides a low-impedance path for fault current and limits the voltage rise on… Read more
Mar 06, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi