Industrial Automation
Requirements and Functions of Substation Automation
Substation automation is the cutting edge technology in electrical engineering. It means having an intelligent, interactive power distribution network including : Increased performance and reliability of electrical protection. Advanced disturbance and event recording capabilities, aiding in detailed electrical fault analysis…. Read more
May 17, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Switching contactor and effect of long control lines
In accordance with IEC 60947-4-1 and IEC 60947-5-1, the normal control voltage range of power and control contactors lies between 85 … 110 % of the rated control voltage. Within these limits contactors pull-in perfectly. Frequently contactors are offered with… Read more
May 15, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and Pipes) – part 2
Continued from first part: How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and Pipes) – part 1 The Earth Resistance of Single Plate electrode is calculated as per IS 3040: R=ρ/A√(3.14/A) Where: ρ = Resistivity of Soil (Ω… Read more
May 13, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
Ferroresonance Occurrence In Power Transformer
Ferroresonance occurs when line capacitance resonates with the magnetizing reactance of a core while it goes in and out of saturation. Ferroresonance is usually associated with potential transformers, which are instrument transformers that are used to develop voltages used by… Read more
May 10, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Testing and Commissioning
When a transformer has stomach pain and wants to…
During normal operation, transformer internal structures and windings are subjected to mechanical forces due to the magnetic forces. These forces are illustrated in Figure 1. By designing the internal structure very strong to withstand these forces over a long period of… Read more
May 08, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Selection of Induction Motors for Industrial Applications (part 3)
Continued from first part: Selection of Induction Motors for Industrial Applications (part 2) The different rotor class, i.e. KL7, KL10, KL13, KL16, KLp, etc. are available in case of the motor to fulfil the functional torque requirements of the driven… Read more
May 06, 2013 | By Ashok Parikh
Electric Motor
Selection of Induction Motors for Industrial Applications (part 2)
Continued from first part: Selection of Induction Motors for Industrial Applications (part 1) Though standard motors are now available with a better efficiency, this factor (motor efficency) requires due attention when making the selection of the motor for a specific… Read more
May 04, 2013 | By Ashok Parikh
Electric Motor
Selection of Induction Motors for Industrial Applications (part 1)
All types of industries are invariably required to install different types of electric motors as prime mover for driving process equipment participating in their respective production line up. The continuous process of technical development has resulted into availability of highly… Read more
May 03, 2013 | By Ashok Parikh
High Voltage
Erection procedure for HV switchgear (Part 2)
Continued from first part: Erection procedure for HV switchgear (Part 1) Positioning of the cubicles should start near to the centre of the switchboard, installing as early as possible the enclosures associated with any special chambers or trunking. The first… Read more
May 01, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Erection procedure for HV switchgear (Part 1)
Before commencing erection of HV switchgear check that all connections are tight on busbars and on main circuits as well as auxiliary circuits. Examine the insulation very carefully, because there have been reported cases of burned out connections due to… Read more
Apr 29, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Why Lamp Flickers Sometimes
Voltage regulation has been one of the most important problems of the electric industry since its inception. The sizes of many parts of a power system are determined largely by this one consideration alone. Large proportion of the selling price of electrical power… Read more
Apr 27, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Overvoltages Caused by Lightning
Overvoltages of atmospheric origin arise from uncontrollable sources and their severity for the load depends on many parameters that are determined according to where the lightning strikes and the structure of the electrical network. The impact of lightning on a… Read more
Apr 26, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy
Network planning Power electronics (HVDC/FACTS) Bulk renewable integration Energy Management System (EMS) Smart substation automation and protection Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM) Communication Solutions Distribution Management System (DMS) Distribution automation and protection Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Decentralized Energy Management System… Read more
Apr 24, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
SCADA
3 generations of SCADA system architectures you should know about
SCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and sophistication of modern computing technology. The following sections will provide a description of the following three generations of SCADA systems: First Generation – Monolithic Second Generation – Distributed Third Generation – Networked… Read more
Apr 22, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Conductor Types Used For Overhead Lines
The international standards covering most conductor types for overhead lines are IEC 61089 (which supersedes IEC 207, 208, 209 and 210) and EN 50182 and 50183 (see Table 1). For 36 kV transmission and above both aluminium conductor steel reinforced… Read more
Apr 20, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
