Energy and Power
Using AC switchgear in DC applications
Switchgear designed for alternating current can carry at least the same rated continuous operational DC current. With direct current the skin effect in the circuits disappears and none of the specific effects associated with alternating currents such as hysteresis or… Read more
Apr 19, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Visual Tasks of Typical Living Room Lighting
Most living rooms require flexible lighting design solutions because they serve a broad variety of changing functions. The lighting in a typical living room should comfortably serve small group conversation, larger social gatherings that include casual eating and drinking, and… Read more
Apr 17, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What happened to forgotten papers of Nikola Tesla?
After Nikola Tesla died, there was a scramble by the United States government to find all of his papers, notes and research before other foreign powers could find them. Tesla’s nephew, Sava Kosanovic, reported that before the OAP had arrived,… Read more
Apr 15, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Why we find wind energy delivery factor important?
The key economic performance measure of a power plant is the electrical energy it delivers over the year. Not all power produced is delivered to the paying customers. A fraction of it is used internally to power the control equipment,… Read more
Apr 13, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Grounding systems and their 3-letter classification
Low voltage systems supplying to consumer premises are predominantly solidly grounded. Protective ground connection to consumer premises (or extending the supply system ground to consumer premises) is however done in different ways. The common system categories are defined below using a 3-letter… Read more
Apr 12, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
An overview of GFCI – Ground-fault circuit interrupter
The NEC requires that Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) be installed in many different rooms and locations in both public and private buildings. They are now required in bathrooms, kitchens, appliance rooms or spaces, and garages. In addition, they are required… Read more
Apr 10, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Responding to Cyber Intrusion in SCADA System
Continued from technical article: Detecting Cyber Intrusion in SCADA System The “three R’s” of the response to cyber intrusion are: Recording, Reporting, and Restoring. Theoretically, it would be desirable to record all data communications into and out of all substation… Read more
Apr 08, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Detecting Cyber Intrusion in SCADA System
One of the axioms of cyber security is that although it is extremely important to try to prevent intrusions into one’s systems and databases, it is essential that intrusions be detected if they do occur. One of the axioms of… Read more
Apr 06, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and Pipes) – part 1
Earthing Resistance and the number of earthing electrodes are both dependent on the resistivity of the soil as well as the amount of time it takes for fault current to pass through (one second or three seconds). The number of… Read more
Apr 05, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Industrial Automation
Benefits and Potential Drawbacks of VSDs
VSDs (Variable Speed Drives) offer several benefits, some of which are relatively easy to quantify, and others of which are less tangible, but there are some potential drawbacks, which must be avoided. With rotodynamic pump installations, savings of between 30%… Read more
Apr 03, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Active fire protection measures in power substation
Active fire protection measures are automatic fire protection measures that warn occupants of the existence of fire, and extinguish or control the fire. These measures are designed to automatically extinguish or control a fire at its earliest stage, without risking… Read more
Apr 01, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Wind Power
Wind Energy End-Use Applications
Wind energy markets can be classified based on the end-use application of the technology. Wind energy projects are common for off-grid applications. However, the largest market potential for wind energy projects is with on-grid (or grid-connected) applications. Historically, wind energy… Read more
Mar 30, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
How to determine motor torque and speed requirements
The desired speed range may be difficult to achieve depending on the type of application. In general, depending on motor size and load type, very wide ranges may require a special motor. Operation at very low speeds, requiring the motor… Read more
Mar 29, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Preparing to synchronize a generator to the grid
Synchronizing the generator to the grid can be tricky if you don’t know what you’re doing. But let’s start from the beginning. A device that transforms mechanical power from a prime mover into AC electric power at a particular voltage… Read more
Mar 27, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Induction motor startup and losses calculation
The main objectives while starting an induction motor are: To handle high-starting current To achieve high-starting torque. As we know, rotor resistance determines starting torque. Usually, this rotor resistance is small, giving small starting torque, but good running conditions. So, the squirrel-cage motor… Read more
Mar 25, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
