Search

Premium Membership ♕

Limited Time Offer: Save 15% on PRO Plan with discount code: LRN15 and study specialized LV/MV/HV technical articles and studies.

Home / Download Center / Electrical Engineering Books and Technical Guides / Relay control and protection guides / Overcurrent protection study for power network (solving relay setting miss-coordination)

The quality of protection

The basic function of electrical protection is to detect system faults and to clear them as soon as possible. For any one particular application, there are many ways to do this function, with varying degrees of effectiveness. The choice is influenced by the overall protection philosophy of the plant, and the importance of the equipment or portion of the network to be protected, weighing cost against performance.

Overcurrent protection study for a power network (relay setting miss-coordination)
Overcurrent protection study for a power network (relay setting miss-coordination)

The general philosophy of applying protection in a power network is to divide the network into protective zones, such that the power system can be adequately protected with the minimum part of the network being disconnected during fault conditions.

The zones can either be very clearly defined, with the protection operating exclusively for that zone only as in differential protection, illustrated in Figure 1.

Zones of protection
Figure 1 – Zones of protection

The zones can be less clearly defined, with overlapping of the protection function between zones for example, overcurrent protection, as illustrated in Figure 2.

Overlapping of zones
Figure 2 – Overlapping of zones

Numerical Relays

The distinction between digital and numerical relay rests on points of fine technical detail, and is rarely found in areas other than Protection. They can be viewed as natural developments of digital relays as a result of advances in technology. Typically, they use a specialized digital signal processor (DSP) as the computational hardware, together with the associated software tools.

The input analogue signals are converted into a digital representation and processed according to the appropriate mathematical algorithm. Processing is carried out using a specialized microprocessor that is optimized for signal processing applications, known as a digital signal processor or DSP for short.

Digital processing of signals in real time requires a very high power microprocessor. In addition, the continuing reduction in the cost of microprocessors and related digital devices (memory, I/O, etc.) naturally leads to an approach where a single item of hardware is used to provide a range of functions („one-box solution‟ approach).

By using multiple microprocessors to provide the necessary computational performance, a large number of functions previously implemented in separate items of hardware can now be included within a single item.


Case Study: Baleela Oil-Field Network

In power systems, the analysis of the network is an important step to determine the performance, both under normal operation and during faults conditions. Fault levels at different parts of the network, as well as protection coordination are some of the many important parameters that define the performance of the network.

Calculating these measures and simulation of the system is invaluable in terms of identifying network problems and suggesting modifications.

Site Overview

A site visit was conducted to Baleela Oil-Field network in order to collect the data of the existing network, collect the uploaded settings of the protection system and investigate the defects of the existing settings.


The following data was collected:

  1. Details of 33kV and 11kV substations in the network.
  2. Single line diagram of the Baleela Power system network.
  3. Impedances of all transmission lines and transformers.
  4. Reactance and MW rating of all generators connected to the network.
  5. Load details (MVAr and MW) of the existing network.
  6. Length and type of transmission lines from one substation to another.

The collected data old settings is shown in appendix A and B respectivly.

Title:Overcurrent protection study for a power network (solving the relay setting miss-coordination) – Ahmed Hatim Abdelbari Elniema, Ahmed Omer Mohamed Babiker And Mohamed Ali Mohamed Ibrahim at Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Of Khartoum
Format:PDF
Size:2.9 MB
Pages:132
Download:Here 🔗 (Get Premium Membership) | Video Courses | Download Updates
Overcurrent protection study for a power network (relay setting miss-coordination)
Overcurrent protection study for a power network (relay setting miss-coordination)

Premium Membership

Get access to premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, advanced electrical engineering guides, papers, and much more! It will help you to shape up your technical skills in your everyday life as an electrical engineer.
50% Discount 💥 - Save 50% on all 90+ video courses with Enterprise Membership plan.

More Information

7 Comments


  1. Rajendra Prasad Thapliyal
    Jul 22, 2021

    When we start II nd Generator frequency and Generating voltage should be match with first Generator at that time IInd will be synchronize with Ist Generator then load will be shift at that time slightly Voltage and frequency will be down but then Ist Generator will be pick up the IInd Generator and load will be distribute .


  2. Rogers mivule
    Jul 09, 2021

    Kindly I need your help how to synchronize two generators depending on load demand.


    • Georgios MARIOLIS
      Dec 21, 2021

      There are several equipment to do this job and depends on your budget. It, though, would be helpful to let us have an idea on the budget. In general words there are modules that are in command of power management and can be set on how to respond, load depending start stop, auto synchro, auto connect, auto discconect etc.


  3. Reza
    May 25, 2020

    HI
    Thanks for memebering.


  4. emmanuel olatoye
    May 16, 2020

    pls sir i need help for how to connet five three phase generator one load automatic


  5. Colm Reynor
    Apr 27, 2020

    Hi,

    Does EEP take submittals of thesis to publish on the website?


    • Edvard
      Apr 27, 2020

      Sure, if the thesis is in our field of interest.

Leave a Reply to Rogers mivule

Tell us what you're thinking. We care about your opinion! Please keep in mind that comments are moderated and rel="nofollow" is in use. So, please do not use a spammy keyword or a domain as your name, or it will be deleted. Let's have a professional and meaningful conversation instead. Thanks for dropping by!

  ⁄  2  =  two

Learn How to Design Power Systems

Learn to design LV/MV/HV power systems through professional video courses. Lifetime access. Enjoy learning!

Subscribe to Weekly Newsletter

Subscribe to our Weekly Digest newsletter and receive free updates on new technical articles, video courses and guides (PDF).
EEP Academy Courses - A hand crafted cutting-edge electrical engineering knowledge