Photovoltaic Power Systems

This Guide

The recommended installation practices contained in this guide progress from the photovoltaic modules to the electrical outlets (in a stand-alone system) or to the utility interconnection (in a utility-interactive system).

For each component, NEC requirements are addressed, with the appropriate Code sections referenced in brackets. A sentence, phrase, or paragraph followed by a NEC reference refers to a requirement established by the NEC. The words “will,” “shall,” or “must” also refer to NEC requirements.

Suggestions based on field experience with PV systems are worded as such and will use the word “should.” The recommendations apply to the use of listed products. The word “Code” in this document refers to the 2005 NEC. In some places references will also be made to Article 690 from the 2002 NEC that have been significantly changed in the 2005 NEC.

In recent times, monetary incentives have resulted in large numbers of utility-interactive PV systems being installed. While most of these systems are purely grid-tied, many have batteries included to provide energy during blackouts, and some even include generators. With these added features, there are many similarities between the code requirements for utility-interactive systems and stand-alone systems. In this suggested practices manual, the code requirements are addressed at the component level and at the interconnection level between components. Where unique requirements apply, they are addressed as they relate to a particular system. Appendices
provide additional details.

Appendix A provides a limited list of sources for dc-rated and identified, or listed, products, and references to the products are made as they are discussed. Other appendices address details and issues associated with implementing the NEC in PV installations. Examples are included.

Title:Photovoltaic Power Systems
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Photovoltaic Power Systems


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3 Comments

  1. [...] impact.Even solar power has only regional applicability. While theoretically, solar thermal and photovoltaic power will work anywhere, both are practical only in locations where the sun shines a good portion of the [...]

  2. [...] google_ad_width = 468; google_ad_height = 60; 3000W Off-grid polar power systemStand-alone PV (photovoltaic) systems are used when it is impractical to connect to the utility grid. Common standalone systems [...]

  3. [...] the requirements are higher, a supplemental generator is run on occasion. (By cedarkayak – Flickr) Photovoltaic markets can be classified based on the end-use application of the technology. The most common PV [...]

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